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  Franchising in the tourism sector

  The primary objective of this study is to analyze the role and effectiveness of the franchising model as a strategy for sustainable development and global expansion within the tourism sector. The research focuses on identifying the specific advantages for franchisors (rapid entry into new markets with low capital risk) and franchisees (access to ... The primary objective of this study is to analyze the role and effectiveness of the franchising model as a strategy for sustainable development and global expansion within the tourism sector. The research focuses on identifying the specific advantages for franchisors (rapid entry into new markets with low capital risk) and franchisees (access to an established brand, know-how, and marketing support). A comprehensive approach was employed, including a comparative analysis of leading international franchise chains in the hotel and restaurant industries. Methods of descriptive research on market data, SWOT analysis of the model in a dynamic environment, and a synthesis of best practices were applied. The legal and economic aspects of franchise agreements in tourism were also examined. The analysis demonstrates that franchising is a key driver for quality standardization in tourism, which enhances consumer trust. The results indicate that operating under a common brand allows small and medium-sized enterprises to survive in a highly competitive environment through access to global reservation systems and innovation. The conclusion confirms that despite challenges related to quality control, franchising remains the most successful model for scaling business within the tourism industry.

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  Energy integration in the European union as an instrument for accelerating the green transition

  The paper examines energy integration in the European Union as an economic and institutional mechanism for accelerating the green transition. It assesses how the deepening of the internal energy market, cross-border infrastructure and coordinated regulation facilitate the integration of renewable energy into the EU energy system. The analysis ... The paper examines energy integration in the European Union as an economic and institutional mechanism for accelerating the green transition. It assesses how the deepening of the internal energy market, cross-border infrastructure and coordinated regulation facilitate the integration of renewable energy into the EU energy system. The analysis combines academic literature, EU strategic and regulatory documents, and Eurostat and European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) data for 2004�2024. The findings show that progress is strongest in the electricity sector, while grid congestion and insufficient cross-border capacity still limit the overall effect of integration.

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  A model for optimization of international market selection in a digital environment

  This study proposes a model for optimizing international market selection in a digital environment. In the context of the growing role of digital technologies, traditional approaches to market selection are not always sufficient for adequately assessing contemporary business conditions. In this regard, a conceptual model based on a composite ... This study proposes a model for optimizing international market selection in a digital environment. In the context of the growing role of digital technologies, traditional approaches to market selection are not always sufficient for adequately assessing contemporary business conditions. In this regard, a conceptual model based on a composite Market Attractiveness Score (MAS) is developed. The model integrates macroeconomic indicators, digital demand indicators, competitive environment, and entry barriers. The methodological approach is based on multi-criteria analysis and a data normalization method using min�max transformation, ensuring comparability across heterogeneous indicators. The proposed model aims to improve the structure and the justification of the international market selection process. The paper is currently conceptual in nature and provides a foundation for future empirical validation and for the advancement of decision-support tools in international business management.