More titles

• 

  Development of tourism in Bulgaria in the period 2019 � 2025 in the context of global challenges

  The tourism industry is one of the most dynamically developing industries of great importance for the development of the Bulgarian economy. Tourism also has a beneficial impact on many other sectors with which it is closely interconnected - transport, trade, construction, healthcare. This integration makes it extremely vulnerable to crises. Over ... The tourism industry is one of the most dynamically developing industries of great importance for the development of the Bulgarian economy. Tourism also has a beneficial impact on many other sectors with which it is closely interconnected - transport, trade, construction, healthcare. This integration makes it extremely vulnerable to crises. Over the past few years, the tourism business on a global and national scale has faced a number of unprecedented economic, political and health challenges. How has all this affected tourism in Bulgaria, in particular the incoming tourist flow, and what trends can be observed.

• 

  Franchising in the tourism sector

  The primary objective of this study is to analyze the role and effectiveness of the franchising model as a strategy for sustainable development and global expansion within the tourism sector. The research focuses on identifying the specific advantages for franchisors (rapid entry into new markets with low capital risk) and franchisees (access to ... The primary objective of this study is to analyze the role and effectiveness of the franchising model as a strategy for sustainable development and global expansion within the tourism sector. The research focuses on identifying the specific advantages for franchisors (rapid entry into new markets with low capital risk) and franchisees (access to an established brand, know-how, and marketing support). A comprehensive approach was employed, including a comparative analysis of leading international franchise chains in the hotel and restaurant industries. Methods of descriptive research on market data, SWOT analysis of the model in a dynamic environment, and a synthesis of best practices were applied. The legal and economic aspects of franchise agreements in tourism were also examined. The analysis demonstrates that franchising is a key driver for quality standardization in tourism, which enhances consumer trust. The results indicate that operating under a common brand allows small and medium-sized enterprises to survive in a highly competitive environment through access to global reservation systems and innovation. The conclusion confirms that despite challenges related to quality control, franchising remains the most successful model for scaling business within the tourism industry.

• 

  Why does the size of the shadow economy vary across nations

  This study examines the shadow economy as a macroeconomic and institutional phenomenon that varies across countries. The main objective is to explain these differences by analyzing factors such as tax burden, institutional quality, regulatory environment, and labor market conditions. The study highlights the lack of a unified definition, with the ... This study examines the shadow economy as a macroeconomic and institutional phenomenon that varies across countries. The main objective is to explain these differences by analyzing factors such as tax burden, institutional quality, regulatory environment, and labor market conditions. The study highlights the lack of a unified definition, with the shadow economy most commonly understood as legal activities deliberately concealed from public authorities. The analysis shows that it leads to an underestimation of real GDP and is measured through direct, indirect, and mixed methods. It is found that its share is lower in developed countries, while in less developed economies it often plays a compensatory role. In conclusion, the size of the shadow economy is determined by the interaction between economic incentives and institutional factors.