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  The interplay between trade integration and air transport in Africa

  This study examines the interaction between the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) in the context of economic integration in Africa. The objective is to systematize and synthesize existing literature and to develop an integrated conceptual framework for analyzing their combined economic ... This study examines the interaction between the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) in the context of economic integration in Africa. The objective is to systematize and synthesize existing literature and to develop an integrated conceptual framework for analyzing their combined economic effects. The study adopts a qualitative approach based on a conceptual literature review. The results indicate that trade integration and air transport liberalization are interdependent processes, operating through key mediating factors such as transport infrastructure, institutional coordination, regulatory harmonization, and the reduction of non-tariff barriers. The findings suggest that the interaction between AfCFTA and SAATM can generate cumulative economic effects, although their realization depends on structural and institutional conditions. The study contributes to the literature by integrating two largely separate analytical fields and by proposing a conceptual framework for future empirical research.

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  Transnational cooperation as an instrument for green transition in the Danube region

  This scientific paper examines the role of cross-border cooperation as an instrument for implementing the green transition in the Danube Region. In the context of increasing environmental challenges and the growing need for sustainable resource management, joint initiatives between countries are gaining key importance for the implementation of ... This scientific paper examines the role of cross-border cooperation as an instrument for implementing the green transition in the Danube Region. In the context of increasing environmental challenges and the growing need for sustainable resource management, joint initiatives between countries are gaining key importance for the implementation of effective green policies. The aim of the study is to analyze the contribution of cross-border projects to promoting sustainable development by examining initiatives implemented within the framework of the INTERREG programme. From a methodological perspective, a qualitative approach is applied, based on a case study analysis of the BE READY and CITYWALK 2.0 projects, aimed respectively at climate change adaptation and the development of sustainable urban mobility. The results indicate that cross-border cooperation facilitates knowledge exchange, the implementation of innovative solutions, and the strengthening of the institutional capacity of local authorities. The study emphasises that joint initiatives are not limited to partnerships among participants but function as a practical mechanism for promoting the green transition through the development of tools and the implementation of sustainable solutions at the local and regional levels.

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  Weapons of contemporary trade wars

  This study analyzes the role of economic sanctions as a key instrument in contemporary trade wars. It traces their evolution from limited and unsystematic measures in the past to highly specialized mechanisms of geoeconomic influence. The focus is placed on modern forms of sanctions, including financial restrictions, technological controls, and ... This study analyzes the role of economic sanctions as a key instrument in contemporary trade wars. It traces their evolution from limited and unsystematic measures in the past to highly specialized mechanisms of geoeconomic influence. The focus is placed on modern forms of sanctions, including financial restrictions, technological controls, and secondary sanctions, which are used to achieve economic and political dominance. The study also examines their impact on specific economic sectors such as agriculture and aviation, where both adaptive processes and structural distortions can be observed. The limitations of sanctions are also analyzed, particularly those related to global economic interdependence and the possibilities for their circumvention. The study concludes that despite their significant short-term effects, sanctions do not always achieve sustainable results and often lead to a reconfiguration of global economic relations.