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  Transnational cooperation as an instrument for green transition in the Danube region

  This scientific paper examines the role of cross-border cooperation as an instrument for implementing the green transition in the Danube Region. In the context of increasing environmental challenges and the growing need for sustainable resource management, joint initiatives between countries are gaining key importance for the implementation of ... This scientific paper examines the role of cross-border cooperation as an instrument for implementing the green transition in the Danube Region. In the context of increasing environmental challenges and the growing need for sustainable resource management, joint initiatives between countries are gaining key importance for the implementation of effective green policies. The aim of the study is to analyze the contribution of cross-border projects to promoting sustainable development by examining initiatives implemented within the framework of the INTERREG programme. From a methodological perspective, a qualitative approach is applied, based on a case study analysis of the BE READY and CITYWALK 2.0 projects, aimed respectively at climate change adaptation and the development of sustainable urban mobility. The results indicate that cross-border cooperation facilitates knowledge exchange, the implementation of innovative solutions, and the strengthening of the institutional capacity of local authorities. The study emphasises that joint initiatives are not limited to partnerships among participants but function as a practical mechanism for promoting the green transition through the development of tools and the implementation of sustainable solutions at the local and regional levels.

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  Why does the size of the shadow economy vary across nations

  This study examines the shadow economy as a macroeconomic and institutional phenomenon that varies across countries. The main objective is to explain these differences by analyzing factors such as tax burden, institutional quality, regulatory environment, and labor market conditions. The study highlights the lack of a unified definition, with the ... This study examines the shadow economy as a macroeconomic and institutional phenomenon that varies across countries. The main objective is to explain these differences by analyzing factors such as tax burden, institutional quality, regulatory environment, and labor market conditions. The study highlights the lack of a unified definition, with the shadow economy most commonly understood as legal activities deliberately concealed from public authorities. The analysis shows that it leads to an underestimation of real GDP and is measured through direct, indirect, and mixed methods. It is found that its share is lower in developed countries, while in less developed economies it often plays a compensatory role. In conclusion, the size of the shadow economy is determined by the interaction between economic incentives and institutional factors.

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  Development of tourism in Bulgaria in the period 2019 � 2025 in the context of global challenges

  The tourism industry is one of the most dynamically developing industries of great importance for the development of the Bulgarian economy. Tourism also has a beneficial impact on many other sectors with which it is closely interconnected - transport, trade, construction, healthcare. This integration makes it extremely vulnerable to crises. Over ... The tourism industry is one of the most dynamically developing industries of great importance for the development of the Bulgarian economy. Tourism also has a beneficial impact on many other sectors with which it is closely interconnected - transport, trade, construction, healthcare. This integration makes it extremely vulnerable to crises. Over the past few years, the tourism business on a global and national scale has faced a number of unprecedented economic, political and health challenges. How has all this affected tourism in Bulgaria, in particular the incoming tourist flow, and what trends can be observed.