More titles

• 

  Direct and indirect costs of cyber incidents in the small enterprise

  The present study examines the critical need for a precise differentiation of the economic consequences of cyberattacks for the most vulnerable group of market participants - small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). At present, the conditions for doing business in the digital sphere are entirely shaped by increasingly sophisticated technological ... The present study examines the critical need for a precise differentiation of the economic consequences of cyberattacks for the most vulnerable group of market participants - small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). At present, the conditions for doing business in the digital sphere are entirely shaped by increasingly sophisticated technological challenges (AI-based threats, automated attacks, etc.), as well as regulatory pressures (the implementation of more niche and stringent requirements such as the NIS2 Directive), which place companies under significant financial strain. In this context, small businesses often prove to be financially unprepared due to their inherent pragmatic focus on direct and visible costs following such incidents. The main objective of this report is to propose a logical framework for differentiating the costs associated with cyber incidents in SMEs, enabling more accurate identification, tracking, and assessment of economic consequences in the short, medium, and long term.

• 

  Energy integration in the European union as an instrument for accelerating the green transition

  The paper examines energy integration in the European Union as an economic and institutional mechanism for accelerating the green transition. It assesses how the deepening of the internal energy market, cross-border infrastructure and coordinated regulation facilitate the integration of renewable energy into the EU energy system. The analysis ... The paper examines energy integration in the European Union as an economic and institutional mechanism for accelerating the green transition. It assesses how the deepening of the internal energy market, cross-border infrastructure and coordinated regulation facilitate the integration of renewable energy into the EU energy system. The analysis combines academic literature, EU strategic and regulatory documents, and Eurostat and European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) data for 2004�2024. The findings show that progress is strongest in the electricity sector, while grid congestion and insufficient cross-border capacity still limit the overall effect of integration.

• 

  Career support for young people in the Danube region and international people management

  This paper examines the role of Life Path Support Services (LPSS) in supporting the career development of young people in the Danube Region and links this issue to international people management. The analysis combines a comparative reading of national and transnational strategy documents with a review of European and international literature on ... This paper examines the role of Life Path Support Services (LPSS) in supporting the career development of young people in the Danube Region and links this issue to international people management. The analysis combines a comparative reading of national and transnational strategy documents with a review of European and international literature on lifelong guidance, skills policy and school-to-work transitions. The findings show that the countries in the region share similar structural weaknesses, including fragmented governance, territorial inequalities, shortage of counsellors and weak links between education and labour market demand. At the same time, they already possess institutional foundations that can be integrated and modernised. The paper argues that LPSS can function as an early-stage mechanism of human capital formation when it is supported by coordination, evidence, employer engagement and sustainable financing.