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  Challenges to international diversification: analysis through the global synchronized loss index

  This article examines the problem of the decreasing efficiency of international investing during financial crises. Traditionally, it is believed that if you invest in different countries, you reduce risk. However, new research shows that when there is great market stress, all markets start to fall simultaneously. This scientific article examines ... This article examines the problem of the decreasing efficiency of international investing during financial crises. Traditionally, it is believed that if you invest in different countries, you reduce risk. However, new research shows that when there is great market stress, all markets start to fall simultaneously. This scientific article examines the �Global Synchronized Loss Index� (GSLI), which helps the average investor calculate how much of his �protection� has actually disappeared.

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  The interplay between trade integration and air transport in Africa

  This study examines the interaction between the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) in the context of economic integration in Africa. The objective is to systematize and synthesize existing literature and to develop an integrated conceptual framework for analyzing their combined economic ... This study examines the interaction between the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) in the context of economic integration in Africa. The objective is to systematize and synthesize existing literature and to develop an integrated conceptual framework for analyzing their combined economic effects. The study adopts a qualitative approach based on a conceptual literature review. The results indicate that trade integration and air transport liberalization are interdependent processes, operating through key mediating factors such as transport infrastructure, institutional coordination, regulatory harmonization, and the reduction of non-tariff barriers. The findings suggest that the interaction between AfCFTA and SAATM can generate cumulative economic effects, although their realization depends on structural and institutional conditions. The study contributes to the literature by integrating two largely separate analytical fields and by proposing a conceptual framework for future empirical research.

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  A model for optimization of international market selection in a digital environment

  This study proposes a model for optimizing international market selection in a digital environment. In the context of the growing role of digital technologies, traditional approaches to market selection are not always sufficient for adequately assessing contemporary business conditions. In this regard, a conceptual model based on a composite ... This study proposes a model for optimizing international market selection in a digital environment. In the context of the growing role of digital technologies, traditional approaches to market selection are not always sufficient for adequately assessing contemporary business conditions. In this regard, a conceptual model based on a composite Market Attractiveness Score (MAS) is developed. The model integrates macroeconomic indicators, digital demand indicators, competitive environment, and entry barriers. The methodological approach is based on multi-criteria analysis and a data normalization method using min�max transformation, ensuring comparability across heterogeneous indicators. The proposed model aims to improve the structure and the justification of the international market selection process. The paper is currently conceptual in nature and provides a foundation for future empirical validation and for the advancement of decision-support tools in international business management.