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Мелиса Исмаил
Digitalization in customs: economic and institutional impacts
Резюме:
Customs administrations are experiencing a significant transformation propelled by the swift growth of international trade and the rising complexity of global supply chains. Digitalization has become a crucial element in this evolution, enhancing efficiency, transparency, and risk management within customs operations.
This paper examines the economic and institutional ramifications of digitalization in contemporary customs administration through qualitative document analysis of institutional reports and scholarly literature.
The results demonstrate that electronic customs systems can lead to a reduction in clearance times by 30–70% and a decrease in global trade costs by roughly 14.3%. The application of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things further boosts operational efficiency, risk-based management, and visibility within the supply chain. However, the study also indicates that the advantages of digitalization are distributed unevenly, attributed to gaps in infrastructure, differences in regulatory frameworks, and the global digital divide. This emphasizes the importance of coordinated international policies and institutional collaboration.
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Мелиса Исмаил
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN COCOA PRODUCING COUNTRIES
Резюме:
Fair trade is a crucial action determined to promote sustainable and ethical trading manners, ensuring that the people engaged in manufacturing, around the globe, receive fair payments and work under safe surroundings. In particular, the chocolate industry has been facing great challenges related to unfair labor conditions, especially illegal child labor, since its existence.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the inequitable executions of the cocoa industry in African cocoa-producing countries, while giving examples of each aspect of these applications, followed by their consequences. Special attention has been paid to a leader in this industry’s fair practices, Tony's Chocolonely, with the explanation of their strategies to overcome and remove the injustices whilst working together with other enterprises.
The research concentrates on secondary sources of investigation concerning this particular business industry. Agreeing with the already carefully collected and examined information in the specific area, assumptions and key insights are provided. The readings chosen for this paper were sourced from qualitative case studies, company annual Fairtrade reports, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and Fairtrade International: Public Systems Report. Hence, auxiliary data is collected to give a better understanding, to create consumer awareness and trust in fair trade.
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Мелиса Исмаил
TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN GLOBAL BUSINESS
Резюме:
In the current era of global connectivity, international business is crucial for driving economic growth and promoting worldwide integration. This intricate field involves navigating through diverse cultures, markets, and regulatory frameworks. Successful international corporations seize opportunities, establish new long-lasting business relations, set up strategic partnerships, and utilize technology to overcome obstacles, thus fostering sustainable expansion and nurturing a truly global economy.
